Influence of Physical and Environmental Factors on Students‘ Learning Environment Quality in EFL Classroom

Abstract

This study investigates how classroom physical conditions and environmental arrangements influence the quality of learning, particularly in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts. Conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Tirawuta, a semi-urban public high school in Indonesia, the Research focuses on how factors such as seating layout, lighting, ventilation, and acoustics affect student engagement and learning outcomes. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving teachers from various disciplines and the school principal. The findings indicate that while teachers implement interactive and student-centred instructional strategies, their effectiveness is often limited by inadequate facilities and inflexible classroom layouts. Poor ventilation, insufficient lighting, and overcrowded seating arrangements were found to reduce students' comfort, concentration, and participation. The study highlights the importance of integrating pedagogical improvement with infrastructural development to create a more conducive learning environment. Effective English teaching requires not only innovative teaching strategies but also supportive physical spaces that facilitate meaningful classroom interaction.